PHOTOS: American white pelicans Photos by: Lowell Washburn


By Lowell Washburn
Iowa Department of Natural Resources

The spring flight of American white pelicans has arrived in Iowa. From border to border, river to river, these huge water birds are currently visiting ponds, lakes, and reservoirs across the state.

Wherever they assemble, white pelicans are certain to draw a crowd. With massive proportions, snow-white plumage, and unique sword-like bills, there is no denying they represent a stunning bird form.

But it is the species’ highly organized communal fishing ventures that draw the most attention. In order to survive, pelicans require large quantities of small fish. Whenever large fish schools are located, it doesn’t take long for the word to spread. Within minutes, a foraging pelican flock can grow from less than a dozen individuals to a hundred or more birds. That’s when the excitement begins.

As birds organize into a circular rotation, they quickly begin herding fish toward the center [“donut hole“] of the flock. As the noose tightens, fish become densely concentrated and highly confused. The trap springs as each bird simultaneously begins scooping fish into the bottom of its huge pouch-shaped bill. The frenzy only lasts for a minute or two. Once it’s over, the birds laboriously rise, fly a short distance, and quickly regroup. The scenario is repeated over and over until the pelicans become gorged or the particular school they’re fishing is depleted.

If fish are found in shallow water, white pelicans may employ a U-shaped horseshoe formation and attempt to drive schools into shore or against other solid barriers. This tactic works particularly well with schools of baby bullheads which are one of the pelican’s favorite menu items.


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